
In today's Wall Street Journal "Hire Education" blog, Dean Allyson Moore of Amherst College's Career Center argues in a post entitled
"History Majors Despairing? Hardly" that the value of a liberal arts education continues to be proven in the job market despite the potential appeal of a more marketable degree (especially in this recession). Dean Moore cites as evidence for her conclusion recent successes of students with psychology, English, and history backgrounds in securing jobs with such preeminent employers as Bank of American Merrill Lynch, Goldman Sachs, Children's Hospital Boston, the Pittsburgh Pirates, and an unnamed consulting firm.
As a graduate of Amherst who current works in business, I can certainly appreciate the value that my educational background has provided. I can still remember my first interview with GSMCF, which was for the firm's summer internship. My interviewer was a 2003 graduate of the College who was in either her first or second year of working for GSMCF. The first-round interview for GSMCF involves a written case in which candidates are asked to assess various quantitative and qualitative questions, and I remember leaving the interview thinking to myself very clearly that I had bombed. Wonderful as my liberal arts education had been, it hadn't prepared me at all to think about how to break down and size the market for the global mining industry. Sure, I'd worked my way through AP Calculus in high school, but this wasn't even calculus; this was a compound multiplication problem at best. The exercise drew on a set of skills that I had set aside long ago, precisely because the open curriculum at Amherst encouraged me to study only that which I was interested in studying, which was history and art history. I did the math in fits and starts -- sweating through all of it -- and had to repeatedly ask my interview for help before I was able to get to anything that remotely approached the right answer. So how did I get through? I'm still not sure to this day, and I'd love to see the evaluation from that conversation to see what my interviewer was thinking when she passed me on for a final round. The only thing I can think of -- and this I do owe to my liberal arts background -- is that perhaps she thought I had shown a level of determination and intellectual curiosity that suggested I might be a good fit for consulting. Accustomed to pursuing knowledge for the sake of pursuing knowledge, I didn't get as flustered or frustrated by my own inability to get the "right answer" as perhaps others might had been trained to find a definitive solution come hell or high water.
Nevertheless, I've also sat in enough interviews on the other side of the table to know that educational background, though important, is but one factor in an employer's decision. To quote, as Dean Moore does, the success of one student who is double-majoring in English and history in landing a job with a prominent investment bank as proof that humanities students aren't despairing about the utility of their academic training is, if nothing else, a rhetorical fail. Who knows why and how Alex Kaufman got his job with Bank of America? It could very well have been because Alex simply excelled in his interview, or it could have been because his mother made a call to someone-who-knows-someone at BofA. Let's face it: at Amherst and other institutions like it, the latter is not entirely outside the realm of possibility, and I've certainly seen it happen at GSMCF.
The key takeaway for me from reading Dean Moore's post and from my own experience is that, in today's job market, there is no single guarantee of success. Academic pedigree and intellectual achievements, pre-professional networking, diversity, and even the color of the suit or dress you choose to wear to your interview can play a role in determining whether you might pass a first-round interview, let alone receive an offer. And those are only factors that
you have control over; we're not even talking about everything else that is outside of your control. Back in 2005, one of the women in my internship interview group for GSMCF was 45 minutes late to our final round interview because she decided to take the bus from Amherst to Boston; though she took the earliest Peter Pan bus she could, she didn't anticipate that blizzard-like conditions on the Mass Pike would delay her arrival. For GSMCF's interview format, that was a fatal blow; though she made a remarkable recovery despite her initial disadvantage, she knew on the drive back to Amherst (I drove, and would've driven her in the morning if I'd known she was also interviewing) that she wasn't going to get any further in the process. The reality is that, given the odds, employers can afford to take a chance that an equally -- if not more -- qualified candidate is waiting just around the corner. It's certainly not fair that you might get rejected just because of something as random as your interviewer waking up on the wrong side of the bed that morning, but, hey, that's life.
To Dean Moore's credit, she does say that she "could cite hundreds of students who greatly benefited from their liberal-arts education and later enjoyed incredible success throughout their careers." Let's see those statistics, then. In a job market as competitive as the one faced by college students today, warm-and-fuzzy anecdotes aren't helpful to anyone. So what's a job candidate to do -- especially one with a liberal arts degree? Candidates should round out their skillsets and knowledge and practice articulating their relevance to employers, rather than relying on the simple fact that they've got such-and-such a background (liberal arts, marketing, or otherwise). I can only speak from the perspective of someone who has been involved with recruiting for a consulting firm, but here are some general tips from the inside:
- Do your homework / Over-invest in a few opportunities that are the best fit for you: I see reams of resume each fall and spring where candidates have clearly applied a shot-gun approach to their job search, and who can blame them? That said, it is generally advisable to do some due diligence on the organizations to which you are applying and to demonstrate that you've put in this effort in your application. The decision to hire someone is ultimately a decision to make a significant human asset investment, and employers want to see that you've made a similar investment in learning about them through your search. You should be able to articulate in your cover letter what you think the employer is looking for and why you would be a good fit. And, for the love of God, please proof-read your application before you send it.
- Connect with alumni: Especially if you go to a small-ish school like Amherst, there is absolutely no reason to apply in the blind. Use your institution's alumni directory to find people who will be able to not only give you a sense of whether the employer is the right fit, but, more importantly, who will be able to guide you through the interview process and serve as your advocate within the organization. This works even better if you have ties to a semi-exclusive group with strong links to its alumni, like a fraternity, sports team, or an a cappella group.
- Ask for feedback: For employers with multi-round interviews (whether by phone or in-person), always take a couple of minutes to ask your interviewer for feedback, especially if you are advancing from one round to the next. What will the next interview look like? Based on your performance in the initial round, what could you do better to prepare yourself or position yourself for success? Even if you are rejected, don't just hang up -- the feedback could help you land your next job.
While all job searches are competitive, another solution is to look at the "supply side" of the equation by expanding the range of opportunities that students consider. In her post, Dean Moore cites two investment banks and a consulting firm out of five possible employers. For a place like Amherst, i-banks and consulting firms understandably feel like the summit of Job Search Mountain by virtue of how high-profile, lucrative, and competitive they are. But they're not right for every student, and career centers need to do a better job of outlining potential career options outside of the usual suspects in the private sector. I'm proud that Amherst now routinely sends a large crop of its graduates each year to teaching programs like Teach for America and the Mississippi Teachers Corps (although, to be frank, those programs are equally if not more selective than i-banks and consulting firms). The point is that there are a lot of other things that students could be considering that they probably don't because talk about i-banks and consulting firms dominate the airwaves. In a new economy where my generation is much less likely than our parents to make a lifelong career out of our first job out of college, the notion of the first job as a be-all-end-all needs to be tweaked to encourage healthy exploration and experimentation. Whether working in a lab or on Capitol Hill or for an urban nonprofit or at a tech start-up, there are valuable skills and perspectives to be gained. And if one should decide after 3 or 4 years that one still desires a career in investment banking or consulting, then he or she will have an even richer trove of experiences to draw upon as a candidate.
I got lucky when I first applied to GSMCF 5 years ago (hard to believe it's been half a decade since my internship), but I'm not sure that I would get lucky if I had to do it all over again today. To support students like me who come from the liberal arts, I hope that Dean Moore and other career advisors like her have more effective solutions to offer than just an Albert Einstein quote.